“Developmental microbial ecology of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract.” Am J Clin Nutr 69(suppl): 1035S-45S. “Aberrant composition of gut microbiota of allergic infants: a target of bifidobacterial therapy at weaning?” Gut 51: 51-55. Kirjavainen PV, T Arvola, SC Salminen, E Isolauri 2002. “Role of Intestinal Flora in Development of Allergy.” Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 3(1): 15-20. “Age and disease related changes in intestinal bacterial populations assessed by cell culture, 16S rRNA abundance, and community cellular fatty acid profiles.” Gut 48: 198-205. “Changes in predominant bacterial populations in human faeces with age and with Clostridium difficile infection.” J Med Microbiol 51: 448-454. “Importance of intestinal colonisation in the maturation of humoral immunity in early infancy: a prospective follow up study of healthy infants aged 0-6 months.” Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 83: F186-F192. Grölund M-M, H Arvilommi, P Kero, O.P Lehtonen, E Isolauri 2000. “Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Separate or Unified?” Curr Opin Gastroenterol 9(4): 336-342. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding using larger number of samples and involving various age group.īradesi S, JA McRoberts, PA Anton, EA Mayer 2003. However Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Clostridium difficile could be found. These data indicated that aerob and facultative anaerob bacteria were predominant in neonates. Enterobacteriaceae were found to be dominant isolates (25% - 75%) followed by Streptococcus anhaemolyticus (60%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (40%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%),Clostridium difficile (5%), Bacteroides fragilis (5%), Bifidobacterium sp. Aerob and anaerob bacterial species were isolated from all samples, ranged 2 – 5 species per sample. Bacteriological cultures for aerob and anaerob bacteria were performed according to the standard methods. All samples were sent to microbiology laboratory without transport media and processed immediately. This study included samples taken from 20 neonates, age 1 – 7 days, from a private hospital in Jakarta. This preliminary study is to establish local reference of microbial flora in neonates. Factors influencing intestinal microflora are environment, genetic predisposition, diet, age, diseases, drugs, stressor. Recent published data have outlined a relationship between the composition of the intestinal microflora and allergic inflammation, autoimmunity, chronic bowel inflammation, psychiatric, cognitive and behavioral disturbances.
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